Array → Prefix Array
Original arrayL = 2, R = 4
Prefix sumprefix[0] = 0
Range query:
sum(2, 4)
Problem
Find the sum of values between indices L and R.
L = 2 · R = 4
prefix[R + 1] − prefix[L]
Build the prefix array first.
Direct range scanO(n)
Prefix queryO(1)